![]() ![]() If you press Windows Key + Down Arrow, you'll minimize it. Win+Right, Win+Left shortcuts not working in Windows 10. Keyboard arrows move windows between screens in Windows 10. Now if you select a window and press Windows Key + Up Arrow, you'll maximize the window. Turn off Snap-Assist-like feature in Windows 10 (for notebooks) 3. Communications windows opened and closed without response for several days in. In a previous build of Windows 10, you could also vertically snap windows into either the upper or lower half of the screen, but in this build it's no longer possible. At a height of about 40 meters the altimeter would be switched off and the. Now keep the System section or tab selected in left-sidebar and in right-side pane, click on Multitasking section. Alternatively, you can press WIN+I keys together to open Settings directly. Once the window is in its smallest possible state (a quarter of the screen), you can move it around using Windows Key + Arrow Keys. This is the easiest way to disable or hide Snap Layouts flyout feature in Windows 11: 1. If you want to snap it into one of the quadrants, first snap it to the left or right side of the screen and then press Windows Key + Up Arrow or Windows Key + Down Arrow to get it into the top or bottom corner. How to Enable or Disable Snap Layouts on Windows 11 Tutorial - YouTube 0:00 / 1:30 How to Enable or Disable Snap Layouts on Windows 11 Tutorial MDTechVideos 503K subscribers 3.3K views. To snap a window with the keyboard, select the window you want to snap and press Windows Key + Left Arrow or Windows Key + Right Arrow to snap that window to the left or right side of your screen. You can also snap windows using keyboard shortcuts. You can also drag it to a corner to snap it to the corresponding quadrant, or drag it to the top of your screen to get a full-size window. Drag it to the left or right side of your screen to snap it to the left or right half of the screen. To open Snap layouts: With your keyboard: In the window you would like to snap, press Windows Logo Key + Z to launch the layout box. An outline will appear to show you where the window will snap to once you drop it. The Snap feature in Windows has some predetermined layouts that you can choose from to snap all your open windows. ![]() It helps you to split the windows on the Windows desktop even easier. To snap a window, click its title bar and drag it to the edge of your screen. On the right, disable the option Arrange windows automatically by dragging them to the sides or corners of the screen. The docking help (Snap Assist) introduced in Windows 10 is basically a great feature. Screenshot by Sarah Jacobsson Purewal/CNET ![]()
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![]() ![]() Thankfully, a new blush came into my life right at the perfect moment. ![]() Personally, I was not ready to give up my blush habit despite my 40-year-old skin trying to sink it away. elf Caribbean Putty Blush Swatches Featured Deals We earn commission on sales tracked from our links and codes. The primary reason being that as the skin loosens, the pores expand as well, and blush can sink into these crevices on the skin and make the texture of the blush look rough.” Celebrity makeup artist Jamie Dorman, who has worked with Bella Hadid, Anne Hathaway, and Bebe Rexha, shared some insight: “As people get older, certain changes to the skin will affect the way blush looks on the skin. Could it be due to having oily skin and big pores, or was it because of my age? I recently turned 40, after all. Rare Beauty Lucky Soft Pinch Liquid Blush Review & Swatches. My favorite blushes have always been powders, but as I’ve gotten older, I’ve noticed that they don’t sit on my skin as well as they used to. Putty Blush In Bora Bora Elf Makeup, Beauty Makeup. It was dependable-whenever I needed to brighten my complexion and look less like a zombie, I always chose blush over a bronzer. LIGHTWEIGHT, BUILDABLE COLOR: Featuring a highly pigmented, silky-smooth formula, this blush blends seamlessly into skin and transforms from cream to a semi-matte. Putty Blush is a velvety, lightweight but buildable putty-to-powder blush that melts into your skin for a natural glow. As I grew older and developed my own beauty routine, blush was still a favorite, even if it didn’t become a signature like winged eyeliner or red lipstick. CREAM-TO-POWDER FINISH: Say hello to that island glow e.l.f. And you can always use bothstart with a cream or putty blush then set it with powder for color that lasts all day. Alongside lipstick (which I wore on picture day in the first grade, mind you), blush was my introduction to makeup. Putty Blush and Monochromatic Multi-Use Blush Stick give you a dewy effect and are ideal for dry, normal or combination skin. Ever since I was a kid, I was a fan of blush. ![]() ![]() A lightweight portable solar panel could weigh as little as 1 pound, while a heavy-duty portable solar panel can exceed 60 pounds. Choose a solar panel that’s large enough to gather the required energy, but small enough that it’s not a burden. For instance, hiking with a 36-by-24-inch solar panel in the backpack might be difficult, but this size of solar panel is an excellent option for an RV. Size can actually refer to both the physical size and the size of the power output, but here, the focus is on the physical size and weight.Ī solar panel’s size can be limited by its intended purpose. Whether you are looking for a portable solar panel for the RV or a smaller solar panel for a backpacking kit, learn about the various products’ features and specifications to make certain it’s the best portable solar panel for your purposes. What to Consider When Choosing the Best Portable Solar Panel Thin-film portable solar panels are the least efficient type of the three, but they’re generally more affordable than both polycrystalline and monocrystalline panels. Thin-film portable solar panels, which are made with a variety of materials, including cadmium telluride (CdTe), amorphous silicon (a-Si), and copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS), typically incorporate conducting layers made of glass, ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE), or aluminum or steel. However, polycrystalline solar panels are still more efficient than thin-film solar panels. This manufacturing process reduces the price so they’re less expensive, but it also lowers the energy output. On polycrystalline panels, the solar cells are blue, not black, because the silicon wafers used to make the solar chargers and solar panels are composed of silicon crystal fragments that have been melted together and not made from a single silicon crystal. These high-quality panels cost more than either polycrystalline or thin-film. The silicon wafers are typically assembled into rows and columns to form a rectangle. This type of portable solar panel is easy to recognize because the solar cells are black and thicker than thin-film products. The purity of the solar cell increases the ability of the solar panel to absorb energy from the sun, allowing the monocrystalline solar panels to output a high amount of electrical energy. ![]() MonocrystallineĬonstructed with silicon wafers cut from a single silicon crystal, monocrystalline solar panels rank best in both energy production and efficiency. Portable solar panels can be classified into three types based on the material used to make their cells, including monocrystalline, polycrystalline, and thin-film, whether you use them as camping solar panels or as everyday on-the-go device chargers. BEST THIN-FILM: Jackery SolarSaga 60W Solar Panel for Explorer.BEST POLYCRYSTALLINE: Newpowa 100 Watts Polycrystalline Solar Panel.BEST MONOCRYSTALLINE: Goal Zero Boulder 200 Solar Panel Briefcase.BEST FLEXIBLE: Renogy Flexible Solar Panel 12 Volt Monocrystalline.BEST WITH CONTROLLER: DOKIO 110w 18v Portable Foldable Solar Panel Kit.BEST BUDGET: Nekteck 21W Solar Charger Waterproof Portable.BEST OVERALL: Renogy 200-Watt Monocrystalline Foldable Solar.This list of top products will help you find the best portable solar panel for your next outing. When choosing between the best portable solar panels, consider your power requirements, size and weight restrictions, and several other factors. ![]() Connect a battery to hold the stored energy or, for quick charging, connect your device directly to the solar panel. When setting up a portable solar power panel, angle it toward the sun to absorb its energy. A personal solar panel lets you enjoy the freedom of the great outdoors without worrying about your camping gear or your devices running out of juice. ![]() ![]() ![]() Unlike its counterpart, the Tall Radio Mast can give citizens incredible signal connection time in a radius of 4 tiles, or approximately 54 square kilometers. The Short Radio Mast alert citizens of a disaster! The better the signal, the faster the evacuation. The Large Emergency Shelter works exactly the same as the Small Emergency Shelter, except the L.E.S has 10,000 capacity In case of an emergency, you can evacuate citizens with the click of a button! Small Emergency Shelters are extremely tough, but can only hold 500 people, unlike their counterpart which can hold 10,000 The Earthquake Sensor then tells you the area of attack, and the intensity of the disaster. The Earthquake Sensor detects any geological events, such as sinkholes and earthquakes. Holds water incase the current water source runs out.ĭetects meteors in advance, giving you the area of attack, size of the meteor, and allows you to evacuate.ĭisaster Response Unit Īfter a terrible disaster, the Disaster Response unit searches collapsed buildings, dramatically decreasing deaths The Pumping Service building contains Pumping Trucks that can suck up water during overspills, tsunamis, and other cataclysmic fluid events. The Fresh Water Outlet outlets fresh water instead of sewage, making it perfect for building lakes and other bodies of water These buildings spawn police helicopters that reduce crime as they patrol the city.įresh Water Outlet They will utilize helipads when available, or land in the street in front of the building if they are not. These buildings spawn helicopters which can pick up sick people from their home and transport them to a medical facility. These buildings store helicopters which can put out not only forest fires (with the help of watch towers), but buildings too. Firefighting helicopters have about 2 1/4 trees worth of water, or 1/4 of a building in water capacity.įire Helicopter Depot: While forest fires can be spotted by nearby buildings, they have very short fire spotting range and are therefore are in danger of burning by that time.įire Watch Towers do not not require water, electricity or a road connection. Increases fire safety, and is the primary way forest fires can be spotted. () Building Mechanics Service Buildings Fire Watch Tower Official screenshots Ĭities: Skylines "Natural Disasters" console announcement. A burned down building operates the exact same as a Collapsed Building Buildings will catch on fire and if not put out in time will burn down. Fire - A Vanilla Disaster that can now be spawned manually using the Disaster Panel.These can cause buildings to fall down and will require The Disaster Response Unit to search the building for survivors Collapse - A Vanilla Disaster that can now be spawned manually with the Disaster Panel. ![]() The Deep Space Radar can give a warning in advance. If it hits water, it can cause large waves. It then creates a large crater and sets nearby buildings on fire. A large meteor falls on an area and destroys all buildings, roads, pipes, and other things in the area. Meteor Strike - The meteor strike can destroy a significant part of your city.To stop forest fires, use a Fire Helicopter Depot. To provide a warning for incoming fires, you can use Fire Watch Towers. Forest Fire - Fires can now spread to and start in trees.It can be detected in advance with the Earthquake Sensor. Sinkholes - Sinkholes make holes in your city, destroying roads and collapsing buildings.It can be detected in advance using the Earthquake Sensor. Earthquake - The earthquake puts a crack in the ground, destroying roads and collapsing buildings.It can be detected in advance using the Weather Radar and fires can be prevented using the Lightning Rods policy. Thunderstorm - The thunderstorm is a disaster which will strike buildings with lightning and start fires.It can be detected in advance using the Weather Radar. Tornado - The tornado is a disaster that goes in a line through an area in your city, collapsing buildings in its way.It can be detected ahead of time using Tsunami Warning Buoys. It takes a few minutes to reach your city, and, once it does, it will flood areas near the shore and areas that are on low ground. Tsunami - The tsunami is a giant wave that comes from one edge of the map and advances across the ocean toward your city.They can be triggered at any time or they can be part of a scenario. The Natural Disasters DLC adds seven disasters that can destroy your city. A new Disaster Panel which will allow you to spawn disasters manuallyĭisasters Main article: Disasters.Helicopters (Fire, Medical, Police and Disaster Response).New natural disasters which strike the city. ![]() ![]() It's a way of saying 'I'm here for you, so please don't hesitate to reach out if you need anything.' It lets someone know that if they need something or have a question, then feel free to get in touch with the sender. Personal Check: This one is used by many people because it's the most useful of them all! You can use this checking in email when you want to let someone how much they meant to you and how much their absence is felt. Sentimental Check: This one is used when you want to convey your feelings or emotions about something or someone who has passed away (like a loved one). You can use this type of checking in email to check if your friend is alive or if your colleague is still working on a project that was assigned to them last week. Checking-in: This is when you are asking someone how they are doing and letting them know that you care about them. There are various types of checking in email: However, not everyone uses email for the same purpose and not everyone has the same way of checking. We do it because we want to make contact with people and we want to keep track of what they are up to. We all have some sort of checking system in our inbox. ‘Hey I know it’s been awhile since we last spoke about the project but how are we getting on with it?’ how to follow up emails that get responses. It has become an integral part how we live our lives because it helps us stay connected with one another despite physical boundaries.Ī checking in email can be useful especially if you want to confirm something or get information from someone like how to follow up emails that get responses.Ī checking in email can be written by you or you could ask someone how to write a checking in email for your need, like how to follow up emails with examples of what you want them to do for example ![]() You just have to send an email with the subject ‘checking in’ and the body ‘Hey, I was thinking about you and wanted to see if things are going well?’Ī checking in email needs to be short and concise because people don't have time for long emails these days.Įmail is the most used and convenient form of communication these days. ![]() It goes without saying that this can be easily done with the use of technology. ![]() It is also a way of asking them to give you an update on their current situation. It can be difficult to write in email, but with these simple steps you'll be on your way how to follow up emails that will get responses in no time!Ī checking in email is a way of letting someone know that you were thinking about them and they should call you back. It's about knowing how to keep things short and sweet while still being able to get your message across so that people can work from where ever they are without having to worry about coming into the office. Writing an email is more than just how it looks on the screen, how to write a checking in email affects your content as well how users respond to what they read. Writing in emails has always been difficult for users because they are competing for real estate on small screens that are full of distractions unlike the days when handwriting was the main form of communication.Įmails inherently lack the personal touch that handwritten letters would have given them but sometimes it just feels better telling others how you feel. Sometimes, we also use email to make an appointment that we have to keep in mind or make a reminder of something that we need to do later on.Ī checking in email can help you take care of your schedule with ease and convenience. We use email to send greetings, share important information and leave messages for each other. It is the most used online communication tool. The best email is one which gets a reply, so how can you make sure your check-in email is the one that gets noticed?Įmail is a very important part of our day-to-day lives. This means you're writing how to follow up emails that don't get answered at all! So how can we stop this from happening? ![]() In a recent survey, over a quarter of people said they reply to the phrase "just checking in" with apathy. The truth is, there are better ways to say "I'm just checking in." It's not uncommon for these messages to be ignored or overlooked entirely. The frequency of this phrase is how many people know how to write a follow up email. How often do you find yourself sending out emails with the phrase "Just checking in" at the end? In this blog we will discuss how to write a checking in email!! ![]() ![]() ![]() 1654: Urgent OS security updates, upgrading to macOS 13 Ventura, using smart speakers while temporarily blind.#1655: 33 years of TidBITS, Twitter train wreck, tvOS 16.4.1, Apple Card Savings, Steve Jobs ebook.#1656: Passcode thieves lock iCloud accounts, the apps Adam uses, iPhoto and Aperture library conversion in Ventura.Also it's intended to work with Thunderbolt 2, which is a quickly dying format.Īlso I love how sleek the design is for the Mac Pro, but what you don't think about is how you'll have about a dozen cables and peripherals attached to it cluttering up your desk.Īll things considered, the performance is great, it's super quiet, but just too cumbersome and expensive for me to recommend. So that's minimum like $6K just to get it off the ground. It doesn't even come with a mouse and keyboard! The difference is the Mac Pro cost $3K for the machine, $500 monitor, $2K RAID hard drive, $1K for PCIe attachment, and all the other accessories that make it usable. And I've had sessions with up to maybe 60 tracks, video sync, tons of plugins, etc. I use a Mac Pro 6-core running Pro Tools HD 12 at my day job, and an iMac 2014 Retina with i7 4.0GHz running Pro Tools 12 (not HD) at home for freelance and hobbies. Once everything is setup and running they are awesome systems, I've ran 100+ tracks 96k 32bit float sessions and not run over 15% system usage its great. Only 4 USB 3.0 Ports, and no firewire ports so if you have any older equipment that uses firewire you will have to get adapters that are bulky, and only one video output. If you want any extra PCI or PCIE cards you have to get another chassis that connects to one of your few thunderbolt ports and if you get the rack unit that holds the computer and the PCI expansion it is such a hassle to get it put together correctly and one of the racks that had the front plate was cut wrong at factory. The power button is in the worst possible spot, its behind the computer under all of the cables just a terrible spot. I will just list several of the things that I feel are problems. They are really powerful machines that can do just about anything you want the issue being is that they are very very awkward. I work with 3 of them daily for video and audio editing. Sorry for the slow response I'm mostly a live engineer and my weekends are nuts right now The most important part of doing this is that you follow a guide and use tried and tested hardware. My last several builds have been very smooth and easy to get up and running. Sometimes it takes a while to get the original install up and running, but I feel like it has gotten easier since I first started building these. I'm always at least 1 OS behind to make sure everything still works but I was that way even when I was on a real Mac. If you are constantly updating hackintosh might not be the choice for you. new OS might not work with old video card. Updates can be a pain, usually it only involves re-installing 1 or 2 kexts, sometimes system updates can break drivers, but the main issue is usually video cards. All my Slate stuff is current as far as I know and works fine. I use Logic 9 (don't care for X) and I'm still on Mavericks. TLDR You're damned if you do, damned if you don't. So to some extent you are paying for reliability and the ability for them to fix something if your studio goes down. This is not true of many many other computers that you can build or buy. ![]() They run quietly, and pretty much as expected. With all of that said, those Trash Cans do run quite well. But this overpriced stranglehold that Apple has on us is pretty awful. Personally, I am considering moving to Windows as my main computer, which won't be easy, as I'm a Logic user. We are in the middle of a game of chicken right now, where I do think probably the best thing is to buy an older Mac Pro Desktop, and then upgrade. Time is money in this business, and stopping to chase down a fix for something can really cost you.Īpple is a terrible company who wants to milk as much money from us as possible. With new updates, new software, new plugins, new peripherals, it can become a real pain to chase down fixes, and really slow you down. Hackintoshes are way way more finicky than Hackintosh people like to admit. It is a good question, but I'm not sure everyone is giving you a straight answer. ![]() ![]() ![]() There is a particularly nasty fight in The Last Fight so be careful.Sammy and Joey have a very odd friendship.Origin story of everyone's fave Ch 2 nutball.No Archive Warnings Apply, Graphic Depictions Of Violence, Major Character Death.Language: English Words: 39,969 Chapters: 24/24 Comments: 31 Kudos: 101 Bookmarks: 6 Hits: 2286 The last chapter is actually the previous chapters in order -with links- so anyone who wants to read them in proper order can do so!) Series There will be many mentions of events in the previous work "Lost Black Sheep" but this can be read stand-alone. (These will not be in a consistent order like my previous story, but I will try and upload this on a steady basis. Now he isn't even a man, and certainly not good. Why did he think the Machine was a good idea? Why did he do what he did? It's easy to say he's mad or insane, but nothing in this life is easy. Joey Drew is human, and these are his various pieces. Joey isn't the only monster of a human hereĪll these little pieces make up the puzzle that is a human.Joey you are a bastard stop being sympathetic.my interpretations of Boris being either Sammy or Wally.so this story took a left turn into WTH and I'm stuck making sense of it.Chapter 11 dialogue inspired by squigglydigg.don't light matches with your cheeks kids.mentions of FDR and the Great Depression.And how any one would think the damn Ink Machine is a good idea needs exploring.I just feel like exploring how he got messed up. ![]()
![]() With Rev, you get closed caption files supported by Plex (.SRT. If you need closed captions and foreign subtitles for your TV shows, movies, and videos in Plex, use Rev.com. Movies/Movie_Name (Release Date).forced.ext.If you are including a “forced subtitle” track for sequences of a language foreign to the viewer, you’ll want to format the names as such: TV Shows/Show_Name/Season XX/Show_Name Sx圎yy.ext.TV Show subtitles should be named like this: Your Movie files should be named like this.Īnd your subtitle files should then be named: If you’re uploading sidecar caption and subtitle files separate of the media file to Plex, you’ll want to be sure they are named properly. You can embed captions and subtitles into your media files with tools like Handbrake, as well as from your video editing software like Adobe Premiere Pro and Final Cut Pro. It will require you to use software and take some time, and there’s no particular reason to do this method over the sidecar caption method below. Media files that have subtitle tracks embedded in them are a way to package up closed captions and subtitles for your media files. You can get closed captions and foreign subtitles for your Plex videos from Rev. The following subtitle formats are supported by Plex and are compatible during playback for both external subtitle files and embedded tracks: Find “Refresh All Metadata” and perform this action. Once you’ve completed these steps, you’ll need to refresh the entire library. Check the ‘Local Media Assets’ and put it at the top of the list. Select the library type and agent to change. In order to use local subtitles (embedded subtitles or external subtitle files), you’ll need to configure the Local Media Assets source. This article will explain how to add closed captions and subtitles to your local media files on Plex to display when you open them on your devices. If you have media files with embedded subtitles or a separate sidecar caption file, you can view the closed captions and foreign subtitles on your device during playback. Plex is a media streaming platform that allows you to watch movies, tv shows, and personal videos from any device. ![]() ![]() ![]() The material on this site may not be reproduced, distributed, transmitted, cached or otherwise used, except with the prior written permission of Condé Nast. ![]() ![]() Use of and/or registration on any portion of this site constitutes acceptance of our User Agreement (updated as of 1/1/21) and Privacy Policy and Cookie Statement (updated as of 1/1/21). "The View"'s original podcast series "Behind the Table" is available for free on major listening platforms, including Apple Podcasts, Spotify, Amazon Music, Google Podcasts, iHeartRadio, Stitcher, TuneIn, Audacy and the ABC News app.Legal Notice Do Not Sell My Personal Information. These will keep at room temperature for five days, or in the freezer for two weeks. When the brownies come out of the oven, sprinkle the surface with the flaky salt.Ĭool in the pan and then cut into 16 squares and serve. Sprinkle with the peanuts and chocolate then bake for 35-40 minutes, until set in the center and an inserted toothpick icomes out clean. Spread into the prepared pan, smoothing into an even layer. Add the dry ingredients to the wet ingredients and mix to combine. In a separate mixing bowl, whisk together the oat flour, baking powder, cocoa powder, salt, espresso powder and cinnamon. You'll end up with 1 cup of puree.Īdd in the sweetener, peanut butter, coconut oil and vanilla to the sweet potato puree, mixing until smooth. Spray the parchment and sides of the pan with nonstick cooking spray.īeat the sweet potato until smooth. Prepare an 8x8-inch baking pan by lining it with parchment. Remove from the oven and when cool enough to handle, peel the skin off and add to the bowl of a stand mixer. Bake the sweet potato for 40 minutes, until completely soft. Cut the sweet potato in half lengthwise and place cut side down on a foil-lined sheet tray. Ingredients 1 large sweet potato (1 pound) ½ cup honey or pure maple syrup ½ cup natural peanut butter 2 tablespoons melted coconut oil 2 teaspoons vanilla extract ¾ cup oat flour 1 teaspoon baking powder ½ cup cocoa powder ½ teaspoon kosher salt ½ teaspoon instant espresso powder ¼ teaspoon cinnamon ½ cup whole peanuts ¼ cup chopped dark chocolate 1/2 teaspoon flaky sea saltĭirections Preheat your oven to 375 F. Peanut Butter Chocolate Sweet Potato Brownies Makes 16 Remove from the oven and sprinkle with chives before serving. Top with the panko and bake for 45 minutes, until golden brown and bubbly. ![]() Mix the onions and gruyere into the pasta. Cook, stirring occasionally until the onions have deeply caramelized, 5-8 minutes. Add 2 tablespoons of extra-virgin olive oil along with the onions and a pinch of salt. Pour the sauce back in to the pan and mix in the pasta. Pour the mixture into a blender or food processor, add the mascarpone and puree until smooth. Cook for 10 minutes, until the cauliflower is soft, and the cream has reduced slightly. Add the garlic, rosemary and chili flakes and briefly toast. Cook for 3-5 minutes, until it begins to soften and brown. For the meatballs: Combine the ground chicken, ricotta, Parmesan, breadcrumbs, parsley, nutmeg, garlic, egg and onion in a medium bowl until just mixed. Add the cauliflower and season with salt and pepper. Place the chicken pieces on top of the potatoes, close the lid, and bake on the indirect heat side until the potatoes are tender and the chicken is cooked through, about 40 minutes. Place a sauté pan over medium-high heat and add 3 tablespoons of extra-virgin olive oil. ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() So in conclusion and to answer Paul's question, I would standardise everything at -16LUFS with as small as tolerance as possible, preferably no more than a 2LU spread, with a maximum true peak level of -3dBTP. If you have ever worked with tools like the Sonnox Pro Codec plug-in you will find that levels above -3dBTP can still distort the codecs, so my advice is to use a true peak limiter set to -3dBTP. Again the EBU R128 program delivery specs recommend a maximum true peak of -3dBTP because lossy codecs, which are at the core of this type of content delivery, cannot handle peaks much above -3dBTP. I am also surprised about the -1dBTP limit. ![]() ![]() That said, most of this content is going to be consumed in noisy, or at best, less than ideal environments and so I would recommend that rather than drop the target loudness to accommodate the additional dynamic range that content destined for consumption on mobile devices is mixed with a relatively low loudness range, it which case the reduced headroom is not an issue. I appreciate that the higher the target loudness is the less headroom there is to support content with a good dynamic range. I would prefer a 1LU tolerance both ways so a range of -15 to -17, but if it is essential to have a wider range, and I don't think it is, then make it -14 to -18LUFS please rather than -16 to -20 LUFS. If we are going to have a range then I would suggest it is a range around -16LUFS. I agree with Paul Figgiani that -20 is getting too close to -23 which is accepted as too low for mobile devices. Why YouTube are settling on -13LUFS is baffling me and I am a little surprised that the AES document is suggesting a window of -16 to -20LUFS. The good news is we have an excellent mechanism to measure and specify loudness with the BS1770/3 standard that has been accepted worldwide. With more and more content being delivered and consumed via streaming and on line delivery services, the huge variation of loudness is having the same detrimental affect on consumers, just as we had in broadcasting before the new loudness workflows were introduced. Maybe they decided that no one else was stepping up and this issue needs resolving and so they have stepped in, so thank you AES for putting a team together and grasping this issue. It is good to see the AES producing a recommendation document but I am curious as to why the AES decided to step in. But what do I think? Thank You AES For Stepping Up Paul has posted his own thoughts on his produceNewMedia blog. Now the Audio Engineering Society (AES) has published Technical Document - AES TD1004.1.15-10 - Recommendation for Loudness of Audio Streaming and Network File Playback and community member Paul Figgiani reached out to me to ask my view on this situation and the AES document. However YouTube seem to be going for -13LUFS and Ian Shepherd has written about this on his Production Advice blog. A number of services including iTunes Radio have settled on -16LUFS and we deliver our weekly podcast to -16LUFS too. There has been a view for a long time that the broadcast standard of -23LUFS or -24LKFS would not be suitable for portable devices because there isn't enough gain in the headphone amps to deliver an acceptable volume. Consequently we still have issues with loudness when listening to streaming related content. Currently there is no standard, unlike broadcast workflows that have settled on one standard, all be it with a number of delivery specs around the world. There has been some discussion on what loudness to use for audio streaming content including iTunes Radio, Spotify, YouTube etc. ![]() |